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Exodus 27: The altar, the court, and oil for the lamp

A free study, verse by verse. Text: World English Bible. Notes come from the Hebrew. How to read a study

What happens?

Yahweh's instructions go on with the altar of acacia wood overlaid with bronze, five cubits square and three cubits high, with horns, a grating, rings and poles. Next comes the court around the tabernacle, with hangings of fine linen on pillars set in bronze sockets, and a screen for its gate. The chapter ends with pure olive oil so that a lamp can burn continually, and Aaron and his sons are to keep it in order from evening to morning.

Who is speaking?

There is no story in this chapter. God's own words are in 21 of the 21 verses: Yahweh is still speaking to Moses, in the speech that began in Exodus 25:2. It goes on into chapter 28. God's own words are printed in gold, and those verses are marked God speaks

1“You shall make the altar of acacia wood, five cubits long, and five cubits wide. The altar shall be square. Its height shall be three cubits.God speaks

In plain English: "Make the altar of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide. The altar is to be square. Its height is to be three cubits.

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ve-a-see-taוְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you will makeha-miz-be-achהַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַthe altara-tzeiעֲצֵ֣יwood ofshee-teemשִׁטִּ֑יםacaciacha-meshחָמֵשׁ֩fivea-motאַמּ֨וֹתcubitso-rekhאֹ֜רֶךְlengthve-cha-meshוְחָמֵ֧שׁand fivea-motאַמּ֣וֹתcubitsro-chavרֹ֗חַבbreadthra-vu-aרָב֤וּעַsquareyih-yehיִהְיֶה֙it will beha-miz-be-achהַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַthe altarve-sha-loshוְשָׁלֹ֥שׁand will be threea-motאַמּ֖וֹתcubitsko-mat-oקֹמָתֽוֹits height

2You shall make its horns on its four corners. Its horns shall be of one piece with it. You shall overlay it with bronze.God speaks

In plain English: Make its horns on its four corners. The horns are to be of one piece with it. Overlay it with bronze.

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ve-a-see-taוְעָשִׂ֣יתָand you will makekar-no-tavקַרְנֹתָ֗יוits hornsalעַ֚לonar-baאַרְבַּ֣עthe fourpee-no-tavפִּנֹּתָ֔יוits cornersmee-me-nuמִמֶּ֖נּוּfrom ittih-yei-naתִּהְיֶ֣יןָthey will bekar-no-tavקַרְנֹתָ֑יוits hornsve-tzee-pee-taוְצִפִּיתָ֥and you will overlayot-oאֹת֖וֹitne-cho-shetנְחֹֽשֶׁתbronze

3You shall make its pots to take away its ashes; and its shovels, its basins, its meat hooks, and its fire pans. You shall make all its vessels of bronze.God speaks

In plain English: Make its pots for taking away its ashes, and its shovels, its basins, its meat hooks, and its fire pans. Make all its vessels of bronze.

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ve-a-see-taוְעָשִׂ֤יתָand you will makesee-ro-tavסִּֽירֹתָיו֙its potsle-da-shen-oלְדַשְּׁנ֔וֹto its take away ashesve-ya-avוְיָעָיו֙and its shovelsu-miz-re-ko-tavוּמִזְרְקֹתָ֔יוand its bowlsu-miz-le-go-tavוּמִזְלְגֹתָ֖יוand its forksu-mach-to-tavוּמַחְתֹּתָ֑יוand its fire-pansle-kholלְכָלto allke-lavכֵּלָ֖יוits articlesta-a-sehתַּעֲשֶׂ֥הyou will makene-cho-shetנְחֹֽשֶׁתbronze

4You shall make a grating for it of network of bronze. On the net you shall make four bronze rings in its four corners.God speaks

In plain English: Make a grating for it, a network of bronze. On the network make four bronze rings at its four corners.

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ve-a-see-taוְעָשִׂ֤יתָand you will makel-oלּוֹ֙for itmikh-barמִכְבָּ֔רa gratingma-a-sehמַעֲשֵׂ֖הa work ofre-shetרֶ֣שֶׁתa net ofne-cho-shetנְחֹ֑שֶׁתbronzeve-a-see-taוְעָשִׂ֣יתָand you will makealעַלonha-re-shetהָרֶ֗שֶׁתthe netar-baאַרְבַּע֙fourta-be-otטַבְּעֹ֣תrings ofne-cho-shetנְחֹ֔שֶׁתbronzealעַ֖לonar-baאַרְבַּ֥עfourke-tzo-tavקְצוֹתָֽיוits extremities

5You shall put it under the ledge around the altar beneath, that the net may reach halfway up the altar.God speaks

In plain English: Put the grating under the ledge around the altar, down below, so that the network reaches halfway up the altar.

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ve-na-ta-tahוְנָתַתָּ֣הand you will puto-tahאֹתָ֗הּitta-chatתַּ֛חַתunderkar-koכַּרְכֹּ֥בthe ledge ofha-miz-be-achהַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַthe altarmee-le-ma-tahמִלְּמָ֑טָּהfrom to downwardsve-hai-tahוְהָיְתָ֣הand it will beha-re-shetהָרֶ֔שֶׁתthe netadעַ֖דtocha-tzeeחֲצִ֥יthe middle ofha-miz-be-achהַמִּזְבֵּֽחַthe altar

6You shall make poles for the altar, poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with bronze.God speaks

In plain English: Make poles for the altar, poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with bronze.

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ve-a-see-taוְעָשִׂ֤יתָand you will makeva-deemבַדִּים֙polesla-miz-be-achלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַfor the altarba-deiבַּדֵּ֖יpoles ofa-tzeiעֲצֵ֣יwood ofshee-teemשִׁטִּ֑יםacaciave-tzee-pee-taוְצִפִּיתָ֥and you will overlayo-tamאֹתָ֖םthemne-cho-shetנְחֹֽשֶׁתbronze

7Its poles shall be put into the rings, and the poles shall be on the two sides of the altar when carrying it.God speaks

In plain English: Its poles are to be put into the rings, so that the poles are on the two sides of the altar when it is carried.

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ve-hu-vaוְהוּבָ֥אand it will be putba-davבַּדָּ֖יוits polesba-ta-ba-otבַּטַּבָּעֹ֑תin the ringsve-ha-yuוְהָי֣וּand they will beha-ba-deemהַבַּדִּ֗יםthe polesalעַלonshe-teiשְׁתֵּ֛יthe twotzal-otצַלְעֹ֥תthe sides ofha-miz-be-achהַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַthe altarbis-etבִּשְׂאֵ֥תwhen carryot-oאֹתֽוֹit

8You shall make it hollow with planks. They shall make it as it has been shown you on the mountain.God speaks

In plain English: Make it hollow, with planks. They are to make it as it was shown to you on the mountain.

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ne-vuvנְב֥וּבhollow oflu-chotלֻחֹ֖תboardsta-a-sehתַּעֲשֶׂ֣הyou will makeot-oאֹת֑וֹitka-a-sherכַּאֲשֶׁ֨רjust asher-ahהֶרְאָ֥הhe showedo-te-khaאֹתְךָ֛youba-harבָּהָ֖רon the mountainkenכֵּ֥ןsoya-a-suיַעֲשֽׂוּthey will do

9“You shall make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen one hundred cubits long for one side.God speaks

In plain English: "Make the court of the tabernacle. For the south side there are to be hangings for the court of fine twisted linen, one hundred cubits long on that side.

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ve-a-see-taוְעָשִׂ֕יתָand you will makecha-tzarחֲצַ֣רthe courtyard ofha-mish-kanהַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןthe tabernaclelif-atלִפְאַ֣תfor the side ofne-gevנֶֽגֶבthe southtei-ma-nahתֵּ֠ימָנָהsouth -wardke-la-eemקְלָעִ֨יםcurtainsle-cha-tzerלֶחָצֵ֜רfor the courtyardsheshשֵׁ֣שׁfine linenma-she-zarמָשְׁזָ֗רtwistedme-ahמֵאָ֤הwill be one hundredva-a-mahבָֽאַמָּה֙by the cubito-rekhאֹ֔רֶךְthe lengthla-pe-ahלַפֵּאָ֖הof the sideha-e-chatהָאֶחָֽתone

10Its pillars shall be twenty, and their sockets twenty, of bronze. The hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.God speaks

In plain English: Its pillars are to be twenty, with twenty sockets of bronze. The hooks of the pillars and their fillets (bands) are to be of silver.

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ve-a-mu-davוְעַמֻּדָ֣יוand its pillarses-reemעֶשְׂרִ֔יםtwentyve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥םand their baseses-reemעֶשְׂרִ֖יםtwentyne-cho-shetנְחֹ֑שֶׁתwill be bronzeva-veiוָוֵ֧יthe hooks ofha-a-mu-deemהָעַמֻּדִ֛יםthe pillarsva-cha-shu-kei-hemוַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖םand their bandska-sefכָּֽסֶףwill be silver

11Likewise for the length of the north side, there shall be hangings one hundred cubits long, and its pillars twenty, and their sockets twenty, of bronze; the hooks of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver.God speaks

In plain English: In the same way, on the north side, the hangings are to be one hundred cubits long, with twenty pillars and twenty sockets of bronze. The hooks of the pillars and their fillets (bands) are to be of silver.

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ve-khenוְכֵ֨ןand thuslif-atלִפְאַ֤תfor the side oftza-fonצָפוֹן֙the northba-o-rekhבָּאֹ֔רֶךְin the lengthke-la-eemקְלָעִ֖יםcurtainsme-ahמֵ֣אָהwill be one hundredo-rekhאֹ֑רֶךְlengthve-amd-uועמדוand its pillarses-reemעֶשְׂרִ֗יםtwentyve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֤םand their baseses-reemעֶשְׂרִים֙twentyne-cho-shetנְחֹ֔שֶׁתwill be bronzeva-veiוָוֵ֧יthe hooks ofha-a-mu-deemהָֽעַמֻּדִ֛יםthe pillarsva-cha-shu-kei-hemוַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖םand their bandska-sefכָּֽסֶףwill be silver

12For the width of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits; their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.God speaks

In plain English: For the width of the court on the west side there are to be hangings of fifty cubits, with ten pillars and ten sockets.

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ve-ro-chavוְרֹ֤חַבand the breadth ofhe-cha-tzerהֶֽחָצֵר֙the courtyardlif-atלִפְאַתto the side ofyamיָ֔םthe westke-la-eemקְלָעִ֖יםcurtainscha-mee-sheemחֲמִשִּׁ֣יםfiftya-mahאַמָּ֑הcubitsa-mu-dei-hemעַמֻּדֵיהֶ֣םtheir pillarsa-sa-rahעֲשָׂרָ֔הtenve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖םand their basesa-sa-rahעֲשָׂרָֽהten

13The width of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.God speaks

In plain English: The width of the court on the east side is to be fifty cubits.

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ve-ro-chavוְרֹ֣חַבand the breadth ofhe-cha-tzerהֶֽחָצֵ֗רthe courtyardlif-atלִפְאַ֛תto the side ofke-de-mahקֵ֥דְמָהeast -wardmiz-ra-chahמִזְרָ֖חָהeast -wardcha-mee-sheemחֲמִשִּׁ֥יםwill be fiftya-mahאַמָּֽהcubits

14The hangings for the one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.God speaks

In plain English: The hangings for one side of the gate are to be fifteen cubits, with three pillars and three sockets.

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va-cha-meshוַחֲמֵ֨שׁand will be fif-es-rehעֶשְׂרֵ֥הteena-mahאַמָּ֛הcubitske-la-eemקְלָעִ֖יםcurtainsla-ka-tefלַכָּתֵ֑ףfor the sidea-mu-dei-hemעַמֻּדֵיהֶ֣םtheir pillarsshe-lo-shahשְׁלֹשָׁ֔הthreeve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖םand their basesshe-lo-shahשְׁלֹשָֽׁהthree

15For the other side shall be hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.God speaks

In plain English: For the other side there are to be hangings of fifteen cubits, with three pillars and three sockets.

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ve-la-ka-tefוְלַכָּתֵף֙and for the sideha-she-neetהַשֵּׁנִ֔יתsecondche-meshחְמֵ֥שׁfif-es-rehעֶשְׂרֵ֖הtenke-la-eemקְלָעִ֑יםcurtainsa-mu-dei-hemעַמֻּדֵיהֶ֣םtheir pillarsshe-lo-shahשְׁלֹשָׁ֔הthreeve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖םand their basesshe-lo-shahשְׁלֹשָֽׁהthree

16For the gate of the court shall be a screen of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of the embroiderer; their pillars four, and their sockets four.God speaks

In plain English: For the gate of the court there is to be a screen of twenty cubits, of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen, the work of an embroiderer, with four pillars and four sockets.

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u-le-sha-arוּלְשַׁ֨עַרand for the gate ofhe-cha-tzerהֶֽחָצֵ֜רthe courtyardma-sakhמָסָ֣ךְa screenes-reemעֶשְׂרִ֣יםtwentya-mahאַמָּ֗הcubitste-khe-letתְּכֵ֨לֶתviolet stuffve-ar-ga-manוְאַרְגָּמָ֜ןand purpleve-to-la-atוְתוֹלַ֧עַתand scarlet stuff ofsha-neeשָׁנִ֛יscarletve-sheshוְשֵׁ֥שׁand fine linenma-she-zarמָשְׁזָ֖רtwistedma-a-sehמַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofro-kemרֹקֵ֑םa worker in colorsa-mu-dei-hemעַמֻּֽדֵיהֶם֙their pillarsar-ba-ahאַרְבָּעָ֔הfourve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖םand their basesar-ba-ahאַרְבָּעָֽהfour

17All the pillars of the court around shall be filleted with silver; their hooks of silver, and their sockets of bronze.God speaks

In plain English: All the pillars around the court are to be banded (filleted) with silver. Their hooks are to be of silver and their sockets of bronze.

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kolכָּלalla-mu-deiעַמּוּדֵ֨יthe pillars ofhe-cha-tzerהֶֽחָצֵ֤רthe courtyardsa-veevסָבִיב֙all aroundme-chu-sha-keemמְחֻשָּׁקִ֣יםwill be furnished with bandske-sefכֶּ֔סֶףsilverva-vei-hemוָוֵיהֶ֖םtheir hookska-sefכָּ֑סֶףwill be silverve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖םand their basesne-cho-shetנְחֹֽשֶׁתwill be bronze

18The length of the court shall be one hundred cubits, and the width fifty throughout, and the height five cubits, of fine twined linen, and their sockets of bronze.God speaks

In plain English: The court is to be one hundred cubits long and fifty wide throughout, and five cubits high, of fine twisted linen, with sockets of bronze.

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o-rekhאֹ֣רֶךְthe length ofhe-cha-tzerהֶֽחָצֵר֩the courtyardme-ahמֵאָ֨הwill be one hundredva-a-mahבָֽאַמָּ֜הby the cubitve-ro-chavוְרֹ֣חַבand the breadthcha-mee-sheemחֲמִשִּׁ֣יםwill be fiftyba-cha-mee-sheemבַּחֲמִשִּׁ֗יםon fiftyve-ko-mahוְקֹמָ֛הand the heightcha-meshחָמֵ֥שׁwill be fivea-motאַמּ֖וֹתcubitssheshשֵׁ֣שׁfine linenma-she-zarמָשְׁזָ֑רtwistedve-ad-nei-hemוְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖םand their basesne-cho-shetנְחֹֽשֶׁתwill be bronze

19All the instruments of the tabernacle in all its service, and all its pins, and all the pins of the court, shall be of bronze.God speaks

In plain English: All the instruments (tools) used in the tabernacle's service, and all its pins (tent pegs), and all the pins of the court, are to be of bronze.

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le-kholלְכֹל֙to allke-leiכְּלֵ֣יthe articles ofha-mish-kanהַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ןthe tabernaclebe-kholבְּכֹ֖לin alla-vo-dat-oעֲבֹדָת֑וֹits serviceve-kholוְכָלand allye-te-do-tavיְתֵדֹתָ֛יוits tent pegsve-kholוְכָלand allyit-dotיִתְדֹ֥תthe tent pegs ofhe-cha-tzerהֶחָצֵ֖רthe courtyardne-cho-shetנְחֹֽשֶׁתwill be bronze

20“You shall command the children of Israel, that they bring to you pure olive oil beaten for the light, to cause a lamp to burn continually.God speaks

In plain English: "Command the Israelites to bring you pure olive oil, beaten for the light, so that a lamp can burn continually.

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ve-a-tahוְאַתָּ֞הand youte-tza-vehתְּצַוֶּ֣הyou will commandbe-neiבְּנֵ֣יthe people ofyis-ra-elיִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelve-yik-chuוְיִקְח֨וּso they may bringe-lei-khaאֵלֶ֜יךָto youshe-menשֶׁ֣מֶןoil ofza-yitזַ֥יִתolivezakhזָ֛ךְpureka-teetכָּתִ֖יתpressedla-ma-orלַמָּא֑וֹרfor the lightle-ha-a-lotלְהַעֲלֹ֥תto lift upnerנֵ֖רa lampta-meedתָּמִֽידcontinually

21In the Tent of Meeting, outside the veil which is before the covenant, Aaron and his sons shall keep it in order from evening to morning before Yahweh: it shall be a statute forever throughout their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.God speaks

In plain English: In the Tent of Meeting, outside the veil that is before the covenant (literally: the testimony), Aaron and his sons are to keep it in order from evening to morning before Yahweh. It is to be a statute (a lasting rule) forever, throughout their generations, on behalf of the Israelites.

The Hebrew words: "Tent of Meeting" is ohel moed. Ohel is "tent", explained at . The dictionary gives moed as "properly, an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season" and also "by extension, the place of meeting".

How it is translated: In Exodus this Bible says "meeting" for moed in 33 of the 37 verses that use it. The other 4 verses say "a set time" (), "season" () or "the time appointed" ( and ).

Good to know: The same Hebrew word moed is "seasons" in . In and Yahweh says he will meet there: "where I will meet with you" and "I will meet with the children of Israel".

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be-o-helבְּאֹ֣הֶלin the tent ofmo-edמוֹעֵד֩meetingmee-chutzמִח֨וּץfrom the outsidela-pa-ro-khetלַפָּרֹ֜כֶתof the curtaina-sherאֲשֶׁ֣רwhichalעַלis onha-e-dutהָעֵדֻ֗תthe testimonyya-a-rokhיַעֲרֹךְ֩he will arrangeot-oאֹת֨וֹita-ha-ronאַהֲרֹ֧ןAaronu-va-navוּבָנָ֛יוand his sonsme-e-revמֵעֶ֥רֶבfrom eveningadעַדuntilbo-kerבֹּ֖קֶרmorninglif-neiלִפְנֵ֣יbeforeyah-wehיְהוָ֑הYahwehchu-katחֻקַּ֤תa statute ofo-lamעוֹלָם֙perpetuityle-do-ro-tamלְדֹ֣רֹתָ֔םto their generationsme-etמֵאֵ֖תfrom withbe-neiבְּנֵ֥יthe people ofyis-ra-elיִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsrael