Mark 14: The plot, the Last Supper, Gethsemane, the arrest, and the trial
A free study, verse by verse. Text: World English Bible. Notes come from the Greek. How to read a study
What happens?
Two days before the Passover the chief priests and scribes look for a way to seize Jesus, a woman pours costly oil on his head at Bethany, and Judas Iscariot goes to the chief priests. At the Passover meal Jesus says one of the twelve will betray him, and he gives the bread and the cup. In Gethsemane he prays while the disciples sleep, Judas arrives with a crowd and kisses him, and the disciples flee. Jesus is taken to the high priest and the council, and Peter, in the courtyard, denies him three times and weeps.
Who is speaking?
No verse is in gold: the Father does not speak in this chapter. The narrator tells the story. Jesus speaks in verses 6-9, 13-15, 18, 20-22, 24-25, 27-28, 30, 32, 34, 36-38, 41-42, 48-49 and 62, and his earlier words are quoted again in verse 72. Others speak too: the chief priests and scribes (2), some who are angry about the oil (4-5), the disciples (12, 19), Peter (29, 31, 68, 71), the other disciples (31), Judas (44, 45), the false witnesses (58), the high priest (60-61, 63-64), the people who mock him (65), a servant girl (67, 69) and the people standing by (70). God's own words are printed in gold, and those verses are marked God speaks
1It was now two days before the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might seize him by deception and kill him.
In plain English: It was two days before the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread. The chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to seize Jesus by trickery and kill him.
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2For they said, “Not during the feast, because there might be a riot among the people.”
In plain English: They said, "Not during the feast, or the people may riot."
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3While he was at Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, as he sat at the table, a woman came having an alabaster jar of ointment of pure nard—very costly. She broke the jar and poured it over his head.
In plain English: Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, sitting at the table. A woman came with an alabaster jar of very costly perfumed oil (this Bible: ointment), made from pure nard. She broke the jar and poured the oil over his head.
The Greek word: "Leper" is lepros. The dictionary gives it as scaly, or leprous. In Mark it is in 2 verses: and here. The Greek word covers more than one skin disease.
What changes: The text says only that Simon is called "the leper". It does not say what illness he had or whether he still had it.
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4But there were some who were indignant among themselves, saying, “Why has this ointment been wasted?
In plain English: Some of the people there were angry among themselves. They said, "Why has this oil been wasted?
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5For this might have been sold for more than three hundred denarii and given to the poor.” So they grumbled against her.
In plain English: It could have been sold for more than three hundred denarii and the money given to the poor." And they grumbled at her.
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6But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. Why do you trouble her? She has done a good work for me.
In plain English: Jesus said, "Leave her alone. Why do you trouble her? She has done a good work for me.
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7For you always have the poor with you, and whenever you want to, you can do them good; but you will not always have me.
In plain English: You always have the poor with you, and whenever you want to, you can do them good. But you will not always have me.
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8She has done what she could. She has anointed my body beforehand for the burying.
In plain English: She has done what she could. She has anointed my body ahead of time for burial.
The Greek word: "Burying" is entaphiasmos. The dictionary gives it as preparation for interment, that is burial. In Mark it is in this verse only.
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9Most certainly I tell you, wherever this Good News may be preached throughout the whole world, that which this woman has done will also be spoken of for a memorial of her.”
In plain English: Truly I tell you, wherever this Good News is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be told as a memorial of her."
The Greek word: "Good News" is euangelion. The dictionary gives it as a good message, or the gospel. In Mark it is in 8 verses: , , , , , , here and .
What changes: "Good news" or "the gospel" are both ways to say the one word.
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10Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve, went away to the chief priests, that he might deliver him to them.
In plain English: Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went away to the chief priests so that he could hand Jesus over to them.
The Greek word: "Deliver" is paradidōmi. The dictionary gives it as to surrender, to yield up, to entrust. In Mark it is in 19 verses. In this chapter it is in 7 verses: 10, 11, 18, 21, 41, 42 and 44.
How it is translated: This Bible has "deliver" in verses 10 and 11 (Judas and the chief priests) and "betray" in verses 18, 21, 41, 42 and 44.
What changes: With one English word such as "hand over" in every place, the repeated word shows. The same word is said of what Judas does (verses 10, 11 and 44), of the one who will betray (verses 18 and 42), and of what happens to the Son of Man (verses 21 and 41). The text does not say more about how these connect.
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11They, when they heard it, were glad, and promised to give him money. He sought how he might conveniently deliver him.
In plain English: When they heard it, they were glad and promised to give him money. And Judas looked for a good moment to hand Jesus over.
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12On the first day of unleavened bread, when they sacrificed the Passover, his disciples asked him, “Where do you want us to go and prepare that you may eat the Passover?”
In plain English: On the first day of Unleavened Bread, when they sacrificed the Passover lamb, his disciples said to him, "Where do you want us to go and prepare, so that you can eat the Passover?"
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13He sent two of his disciples and said to them, “Go into the city, and there a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him,
In plain English: Jesus sent two of his disciples and said to them, "Go into the city. A man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him.
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14and wherever he enters in, tell the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says, “Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?”’
In plain English: Wherever he goes in, say to the master of the house, 'The Teacher says, "Where is my guest room, where I can eat the Passover with my disciples?"'
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15He will himself show you a large upper room furnished and ready. Get ready for us there.”
In plain English: He himself will show you a large upper room, furnished and ready. Get things ready for us there."
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16His disciples went out, and came into the city, and found things as he had said to them, and they prepared the Passover.
In plain English: The disciples went out and came into the city. They found everything as Jesus had told them, and they prepared the Passover.
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17When it was evening he came with the twelve.
In plain English: When it was evening, Jesus came with the twelve.
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18As they sat and were eating, Jesus said, “Most certainly I tell you, one of you will betray me—he who eats with me.”
In plain English: While they were sitting at the table eating, Jesus said, "Truly I tell you, one of you will betray (or: hand over) me, one who is eating with me."
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19They began to be sorrowful, and to ask him one by one, “Surely not I?” And another said, “Surely not I?”
In plain English: They began to be sad. One by one they said to him, "Surely not I?" And another said, "Surely not I?"
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20He answered them, “It is one of the twelve, he who dips with me in the dish.
In plain English: Jesus said to them, "It is one of the twelve, the one who is dipping into the bowl with me.
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21For the Son of Man goes as it is written about him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born.”
In plain English: The Son of Man goes just as it is written about him. But woe to that man through whom the Son of Man is betrayed. It would have been better for that man if he had not been born."
The Greek words: "The Son of Man" is ho huios tou anthrōpou, word for word "the son of the man". It can be read as a title Jesus gives himself, or as "the son of a human being". The same words are in verses 41 and 62.
What changes: As a title it points to one person. As "son of a human being" it says he is human. The text gives only the words. It says the Son of Man "goes as it is written about him", and it does not name the writing.
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22As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had blessed it, he broke it and gave to them, and said, “Take, eat. This is my body.”
In plain English: While they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed it, broke it and gave it to them. He said, "Take it, eat. This is my body."
The Greek word: "Blessed it" is eulogeō. The dictionary gives it as to speak well of, to bless. In Mark it is in 6 verses. In verse 23 "gave thanks" is eucharisteō, which the dictionary gives as to be grateful, or to say grace at a meal. It is in 2 verses of Mark: verse 23 and .
Good to know: "This is my body" is touto estin to sōma mou, word for word "this is the body of me". The text says no more than this about what the bread is or how it is his body.
Church tradition: Churches read these words, and the words over the cup in verse 24, in different ways. The text says: Jesus took bread, blessed it, broke it, gave it to them, and said, "Take, eat. This is my body." It does not say which reading is right.
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23He took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them. They all drank of it.
In plain English: He took the cup and gave thanks. He gave it to them, and they all drank from it.
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24He said to them, “This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many.
In plain English: He said to them, "This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many.
The Greek words: "New covenant" is kainē diathēkē. The dictionary gives diathēkē as a contract, especially a will. In Mark it is in this verse only.
What changes: "Covenant" can also be read as "contract" or "will". The text says Jesus's blood of the new covenant "is poured out for many", and it says no more here.
Good to know: Two verses in the Old Testament have words close to these. has "this is the blood of the covenant, which Yahweh has made with you", and has "I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah". Mark does not name either verse here.
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25Most certainly I tell you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in God’s Kingdom.”
In plain English: Truly I tell you, I will never again drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new (or: anew) in God's Kingdom."
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26When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
In plain English: After they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
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27Jesus said to them, “All of you will be made to stumble because of me tonight, for it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.’
In plain English: Jesus said to them, "All of you will stumble (or: fall away) because of me tonight. For it is written, 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.'
The Greek word: "Will stumble" is skandalizō. The dictionary gives it as to trip up, or to entice to sin. In Mark it is in 8 verses, and this Bible gives "stumble*" in 6 of them and "offend*" in 2. In this chapter it is in verses 27 and 29, where this Bible has "be made to stumble" in verse 27 and "be offended" in Peter's words in verse 29.
What changes: "Stumble" can be read as tripping on something, or as falling away from trust. The text gives Jesus's words and Peter's answer in verse 29, and does not explain the word further.
Good to know: "It is written" can be set beside , where the Old Testament reads "Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered". The words in Zechariah are a command, and in Mark they are "I will strike the shepherd". Mark does not name the passage.
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28However, after I am raised up, I will go before you into Galilee.”
In plain English: But after I am raised up, I will go ahead of you into Galilee."
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29But Peter said to him, “Although all will be offended, yet I will not.”
In plain English: Peter said to him, "Even if everyone stumbles, I will not."
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30Jesus said to him, “Most certainly I tell you that you today, even this night, before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.”
In plain English: Jesus said to him, "Truly I tell you, you yourself, today, this very night, before the rooster crows twice, will deny me three times."
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31But he spoke all the more, “If I must die with you, I will not deny you.” They all said the same thing.
In plain English: But Peter kept saying even more strongly, "If I must die with you, I will never deny you." They all said the same thing too.
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32They came to a place which was named Gethsemane. He said to his disciples, “Sit here while I pray.”
In plain English: They came to a place named Gethsemane. Jesus said to his disciples, "Sit here while I pray."
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33He took with him Peter, James, and John, and began to be greatly troubled and distressed.
In plain English: He took Peter, James and John with him, and he began to be greatly troubled and deeply distressed.
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34He said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and watch.”
In plain English: He said to them, "My soul (or: my life) is very sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and keep watch."
The Greek word: "Soul" is psychē. The dictionary gives it as breath, and the sentient principle of life. In Mark it is in 8 verses, and this Bible gives "soul*" in 3 of them and "life*" in 5.
What changes: "My soul is exceedingly sorrowful" can be read as "I am deeply sad inside". It can also be read as "my life is very sorrowful, even to death". The text gives only the words.
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35He went forward a little, and fell on the ground, and prayed that if it were possible, the hour might pass away from him.
In plain English: He went a little way forward, fell on the ground, and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him.
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36He said, “Abba, Father, all things are possible to you. Please remove this cup from me. However, not what I desire, but what you desire.”
In plain English: He said, "Abba, Father, all things are possible for you. Take this cup away from me. But let it be not what I want, but what you want."
The Greek word: "Abba" is Abba, an Aramaic word kept in the Greek. Mark gives its meaning next to it: "Father" (ho patēr). The dictionary gives it as father. In Mark it is in this verse only.
Good to know: "Cup" is potērion. The text does not say what the cup is. Jesus asks that it be taken away, and ends: "not what I desire, but what you desire."
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37He came and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “Simon, are you sleeping? Couldn’t you watch one hour?
In plain English: He came and found them sleeping. He said to Peter, "Simon, are you asleep? Could you not keep watch for one hour?
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38Watch and pray, that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”
In plain English: Keep watch and pray, so that you do not enter into temptation (or: a test). The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak."
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39Again he went away and prayed, saying the same words.
In plain English: He went away again and prayed, saying the same words.
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40Again he returned and found them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy; and they didn’t know what to answer him.
In plain English: He came back again and found them sleeping, because their eyes were very heavy. They did not know what to answer him.
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41He came the third time and said to them, “Sleep on now, and take your rest. It is enough. The hour has come. Behold, the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.
In plain English: He came the third time and said to them, "Sleep on now and take your rest (or: Are you still sleeping and resting?). It is enough. The hour has come. Look, the Son of Man is being handed over into the hands of sinners.
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42Arise! Let’s get going. Behold, he who betrays me is at hand.”
In plain English: Get up. Let us go. Look, the one who betrays me has come near."
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43Immediately, while he was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, came—and with him a multitude with swords and clubs, from the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.
In plain English: Right away, while Jesus was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, came. With him was a large crowd with swords and clubs, from the chief priests, the scribes and the elders.
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44Now he who betrayed him had given them a sign, saying, “Whomever I will kiss, that is he. Seize him, and lead him away safely.”
In plain English: The one who betrayed him had given them a sign. He had said, "The one I kiss is the man. Seize him and lead him away safely."
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45When he had come, immediately he came to him and said, “Rabbi! Rabbi!” and kissed him.
In plain English: When Judas came, he went straight up to Jesus and said, "Rabbi! Rabbi!" and kissed him.
The Greek word: "Rabbi" is rhabbi. The dictionary gives it as my master, a title of honor. In Mark it is in 3 verses: , and here. Here the word is said twice.
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46They laid their hands on him and seized him.
In plain English: They laid their hands on Jesus and seized him.
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47But a certain one of those who stood by drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear.
In plain English: One of those standing by drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear.
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48Jesus answered them, “Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to seize me?
In plain English: Jesus said to them, "Have you come out with swords and clubs to seize me, as if I were a robber?
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49I was daily with you in the temple teaching, and you didn’t arrest me. But this is so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled.”
In plain English: Every day I was with you in the temple, teaching, and you did not seize me. But this has happened so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled."
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50They all left him, and fled.
In plain English: They all left him and ran away.
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51A certain young man followed him, having a linen cloth thrown around himself over his naked body. The young men grabbed him,
In plain English: A certain young man was following Jesus, with a linen cloth wrapped around his bare body. The young men seized him,
The Greek word: "Linen cloth" is sindōn. The dictionary gives it as fine linen, the cloth or a garment of it. In Mark it is in 3 verses: here, verse 52 and . "Young man" is neaniskos, which the dictionary gives as a youth. It is in 2 verses of Mark: here and .
Good to know: The text does not say who the young man is or why he was following Jesus. It says only what he wore and that he ran away naked.
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52but he left the linen cloth and fled from them naked.
In plain English: but he left the linen cloth behind and ran away from them naked.
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53They led Jesus away to the high priest. All the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes came together with him.
In plain English: They led Jesus away to the high priest. All the chief priests, the elders and the scribes came together to him.
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54Peter had followed him from a distance, until he came into the court of the high priest. He was sitting with the officers, and warming himself in the light of the fire.
In plain English: Peter had followed Jesus from a distance, right into the courtyard of the high priest. He was sitting with the officers and warming himself at the fire.
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55Now the chief priests and the whole council sought witnesses against Jesus to put him to death, and found none.
In plain English: The chief priests and the whole council looked for testimony against Jesus so that they could put him to death, but they found none.
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56For many gave false testimony against him, and their testimony didn’t agree with each other.
In plain English: Many gave false testimony against him, but their testimonies did not agree.
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57Some stood up and gave false testimony against him, saying,
In plain English: Some stood up and gave false testimony against him, saying,
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58“We heard him say, ‘I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in three days I will build another made without hands.’”
In plain English: "We heard him say, 'I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in three days I will build another that is not made with hands.'"
The Greek words: "Made with hands" is cheiropoiētos and "not made with hands" is acheiropoiētos. The dictionary gives cheiropoiētos as manufactured, of human construction, and acheiropoiētos as unmanufactured. Each is in this verse only, in Mark.
Good to know: Mark says in verse 57 that these were false witnesses, and in verse 59 that their testimony did not agree. The words in this verse are what the witnesses say they heard.
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59Even so, their testimony didn’t agree.
In plain English: Even so, their testimony did not agree.
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60The high priest stood up in the middle, and asked Jesus, “Have you no answer? What is it which these testify against you?”
In plain English: The high priest stood up in the middle and asked Jesus, "Have you no answer? What is it that these people say against you?"
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61But he stayed quiet, and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, “Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?”
In plain English: But Jesus stayed silent and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?"
The Greek words: "The Christ" is ho Christos. The dictionary gives it as anointed, the Messiah. "The Blessed" is ho eulogētos. The dictionary gives it as adorable, from the same family as eulogeō, to bless. It is in this verse only, in Mark.
What changes: "The Christ" can be read as "the Anointed One". The high priest does not say whom "the Blessed" means, and the text does not explain it.
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62Jesus said, “I am. You will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of the sky.”
In plain English: Jesus said, "I am. You will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of the sky."
The Greek words: "Power" is dynamis. The dictionary gives it as force, or miraculous power. In Mark it is in 10 verses, and this Bible gives "power*" in 7 of them. Here it stands alone with a capital letter, "the right hand of Power".
Good to know: Two verses in the Old Testament have words close to these. has "Sit at my right hand", and has "there came with the clouds of the sky one like a son of man". Mark does not name either verse here.
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63The high priest tore his clothes and said, “What further need have we of witnesses?
In plain English: The high priest tore his clothes and said, "Why do we still need witnesses?
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64You have heard the blasphemy! What do you think?” They all condemned him to be worthy of death.
In plain English: You have heard the blasphemy. What do you think?" They all condemned him as deserving death.
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65Some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to beat him with fists, and to tell him, “Prophesy!” The officers struck him with the palms of their hands.
In plain English: Some began to spit on him, to cover his face, and to strike him with fists, and to say to him, "Prophesy!" The officers took him and struck him with the palms of their hands.
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66As Peter was in the courtyard below, one of the maids of the high priest came,
In plain English: Peter was below in the courtyard. One of the servant girls of the high priest came,
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67and seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him and said, “You were also with the Nazarene, Jesus!”
In plain English: and when she saw Peter warming himself, she looked at him and said, "You also were with the Nazarene, Jesus."
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68But he denied it, saying, “I neither know nor understand what you are saying.” He went out on the porch, and the rooster crowed.
In plain English: But he denied it. He said, "I neither know nor understand what you are saying." He went out into the entrance (or: porch), and a rooster crowed.
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69The maid saw him and began again to tell those who stood by, “This is one of them.”
In plain English: The servant girl saw him and began again to say to those standing by, "This man is one of them."
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70But he again denied it. After a little while again those who stood by said to Peter, “You truly are one of them, for you are a Galilean, and your speech shows it.”
In plain English: But he denied it again. After a little while the people standing by said to Peter again, "You really are one of them, for you are a Galilean, and your speech is like theirs."
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71But he began to curse and to swear, “I don’t know this man of whom you speak!”
In plain English: But he began to curse and to swear, "I do not know this man you are talking about!"
The Greek word: "To curse" is anathematizō. The dictionary gives it as to declare or vow under penalty of execration. In Mark it is in this verse only.
What changes: The text does not say whom or what Peter curses. It says he began to curse and to swear, and then gives his words.
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72The rooster crowed the second time. Peter remembered the words that Jesus said to him, “Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” When he thought about that, he wept.
In plain English: A rooster crowed the second time. Peter remembered the words Jesus had said to him: "Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times." When he thought about that, he wept.
The Greek word: "He thought about that" is epibalōn, from epiballō. The dictionary gives it as to throw upon, with more or less force, and with "himself" understood, to reflect. In Mark it is in 4 verses: , , and here.
How it is translated: In verse 46 the same word gives "laid" (they laid their hands on him). Here this Bible has "when he thought about that".
What changes: The text does not say what Peter threw or laid. The next word, eklaien, is "he wept".
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